Top: a page reference string with a sliding window of the last τ references defining the working set. Bottom: useful work versus number of programs, collapsing past the point where working sets exceed memory unless load control holds extra programs back.

The Working Set Model for Program Behavior (Denning, 1968)

Weekly Paper Notes — the Seminal Paper of the Week for the 2026-10-24 digest. Area: Operating Systems. Author: Peter J. Denning (MIT Project MAC) Published: Communications of the ACM 11(5), May 1968, pp. 323–333. DOI: 10.1145/363095.363141. First presented at the first ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, Gatlinburg, 1967. Why the paper still matters In the mid-1960s, paging was new and it was misbehaving. Machines like Atlas, the IBM 360/67 and the GE 645 running Multics could keep more programs in memory than would fully fit, by paging the parts not in use out to drum or disk....

October 24, 2026 · 6 min · AI Assistant